Fixing your maintenance strategy with planned maintenance optimization (PMO) and FMEA

In industrial maintenance, a broken maintenance strategy can be frustrating and costly. Despite the resources poured into preventive maintenance (PM)(opens in new tab), equipment breakdowns still occur more frequently than expected. A poorly optimized maintenance strategy often leads to unscheduled downtime, which can be extremely costly. For instance, in the manufacturing sector, unscheduled downtime can cost companies up to $260,000 per hour(opens in new tab).

This paradox often arises because either work is done incorrectly, or too much maintenance is performed in the first place. Surprisingly, what’s labeled as preventive maintenance can sometimes have the opposite effect, contributing to equipment failures instead of preventing them.

Why is maintenance strategy optimization crucial?

Planned maintenance optimization (PMO) strategies is essential for maximizing equipment reliability, reducing downtime, and minimizing operational costs. A well-optimized strategy(opens in new tab) ensures that resources are being used efficiently, focusing on the most critical assets and maintenance tasks that have the highest impact on performance. Not only does it save money, but it also improves the lifespan of machinery(opens in new tab) and ensures smoother operations. With organizations increasingly facing the challenge of balancing maintenance costs with the need for high uptime, strategy optimization becomes crucial for long-term success.

Key elements of an effective maintenance strategy

A successful maintenance strategy should include a mix of reactive(opens in new tab)preventive(opens in new tab), and predictive(opens in new tab) approaches, tailored to the needs of specific equipment. Reactive maintenance is often necessary for unforeseen breakdowns, but relying solely on this approach can lead to high costs and equipment downtime. Preventive maintenance (PM) involves scheduled checks to avoid potential failures, but it’s only effective when optimized. Predictive maintenance leverages data to anticipate failures before they occur, allowing teams to act at the right time.

9 key elements of an effective maintenance strategy icons

Combining these strategies, driven by data and continuous improvement, is key to an optimized approach. The goal is to strike a balance where the right tasks are completed at the right time, using the fewest resources while providing maximum value.

Get the guide to choosing your maintenance strategy(opens in new tab)

Reactive, preventive and predictive maintenance: Which is best?

Below is a table that highlights reactive, preventive and predictive maintenance approaches, their pros and cons, best use for and industry examples:

ApproachProsConsIndustry examples
Reactive maintenanceLow upfront costRequires minimal planningHigh unplanned downtimeCan lead to costly emergency repairsRetail: Fixing store lighting or HVAC only when brokenConstruction: Replacing hand tools when they fail
Preventive maintenanceReduces unexpected breakdownsExtends equipment lifespanCan be costly and time-consumingRisk of over-maintaining assetsAviation: Scheduled aircraft inspections and part replacementsManufacturing: Lubricating and calibrating assembly line machines regularly
Predictive maintenanceMinimizes downtime and reduces costsOptimizes maintenance schedulesRequires investment in technology and trainingCan be complex to implementAutomotive: IoT sensors in factory robots detecting early wearEnergy: Smart grid monitoring to prevent transformer failures

Steps to optimize your maintenance strategy

Optimizing a maintenance strategy starts with a detailed assessment of current processes. By analyzing existing maintenance schedules, failure data, and equipment performance, organizations can identify areas for improvement. Next, planning involves prioritizing maintenance tasks based on asset criticality and failure risk.

From there, organizations can implement preventive maintenance optimization techniques, including reliability centered maintenance (RCM) and failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA). FMEA is a step-by-step risk management process and analysis tool for identifying where, when, how, and why a failure might occur in a design, manufacturing, or assembly process for a product or service. It determines the impact of different failures to identify the parts of the process that need to change.

These methods provide a systematic way to identify potential failure modes and optimize the maintenance schedule accordingly.

Diagram of steps to optimize maintenance strategies

Continuous monitoring and adjustment ensure that the strategy stays relevant and effective over time. The process is iterative, ensuring that improvements are ongoing and aligned with operational goals.

Discover different maintenance strategies and how to use them(opens in new tab)

Leveraging technology for maintenance strategy optimization

Modern technologies such as CMMS (computerized maintenance management systems), IoT sensors, and data analytics play a crucial role in optimizing maintenance strategies. A CMMS helps track maintenance activities, providing valuable insights into equipment performance, work order history, and failure trends. IoT sensors can provide real-time data on equipment conditions, enabling predictive maintenance to prevent failures before they occur. This integration of technology ensures that maintenance strategies are data-driven, proactive, and highly efficient.

Measuring success and continuous improvement

Once an optimized maintenance strategy is in place, measuring its success is crucial. Key performance indicators (KPIs) such as equipment uptime, maintenance cost per asset, and mean time between failures (MTBF) provide insight into the effectiveness of the strategy. Regular assessments and continuous improvements ensure that the strategy remains effective, delivering long-term benefits in reliability, efficiency, and cost savings.

In summary, optimizing your maintenance strategy through a structured approach, leveraging technology, and continuously improving is the key to preventing equipment failures and enhancing operational efficiency. By embracing techniques like PM optimization and FMEA, organizations can ensure that their maintenance strategies are both effective and efficient, providing lasting value to the bottom line.

Source: https://fiixsoftware.com/blog/fixing-a-broken-maintenance-strategy-pm-optimization-and-fmea/

A Match Made in Heaven – Choosing The Right Maintenance Strategy for Your Assets

Maintenance strategy can be complicated. Most people agree on what types of maintenance strategies exist, but that’s where the consensus ends. It’s rare to see eye-to-eye on what those strategies look like in the field. That’s no surprise considering the number of factors that impact the debate: Cost, staff size, geography—the list goes on and on. But figuring out which strategy is best for an asset is not a nice-to-have, it’s essential. So we dove into this tangled mess of strategies to sort it out.

Step 1: Know the different types of maintenance strategies

Finding the right type of maintenance strategy for an asset starts with speaking the same language. We don’t need to agree on every little detail of what each strategy means, but we do need to be starting from the same spot.

Reactive maintenance/No maintenance strategy

Reactive maintenance is the mad scramble to fix a machine after it breaks down. It’s like firefighters rushing to put out a fire, only there’s no truck. Or hose. Or water. It’s also called emergency maintenance, breakdown maintenance or simply, having no maintenance strategy.

Run to fail maintenance

Run to fail maintenance (RTF) is a deliberate choice to let an asset fail before repairing it. A plan is in place ahead of time so the asset can be fixed or replaced without causing extra delays or costs. It’s like letting a light bulb burn out while having a dozen spares and a ladder ready to fix it right away.

Corrective maintenance

Corrective maintenance is any task that corrects a problem with an asset. We’re reserving this type of maintenance for smaller, non-invasive tasks that happen before a machine reaches full failure, like making a fix during a routine inspection. Imagine changing the oil in your car and noticing the tires look a little flat. Pumping up the tires is classic corrective maintenance.

Routine maintenance

Routine maintenance is any task done on a planned and ongoing basis to identify and prevent problems. Routine maintenance rarely requires specialized training, skills, or equipment. The daily safety checklists many machine operators complete is an example of routine maintenance.

Preventive maintenance

Preventive maintenance (PM) is maintenance regularly performed on a piece of equipment in working condition to reduce the risk of it failing. There are two main types of preventive maintenance:

  • Time-based preventive maintenance is when tasks are scheduled on an asset at a certain time interval, such as the first of every month or every seven days.
  • Usage-based preventive maintenance is when work is scheduled based on the operation of equipment, such as after 1,000 miles or 10 production cycles.

Condition-based maintenance

In condition-based maintenance (CBM), the performance of an asset is monitored to determine when maintenance needs to be done. CBM uses certain indicators, like increased vibration or heat, to catch the point when failure begins, but before it leads to a breakdown.

Predictive maintenance

Predictive maintenance (PdM) uses condition-monitoring tools and techniques to track the performance of equipment, identify defects, and help you fix them before failure.

The difference between predictive maintenance and condition-based maintenance lies in measurement and timing. CBM uses real-time performance data to point out a problem after a machine begins to fail. On the other hand, PdM takes all information into account (past, present, and future) and offers an ideal time for maintenance before any failure, however small, occurs.

Prescriptive maintenance

Prescriptive maintenance (RxM) takes predictive maintenance to the next level. It uses condition monitoring and machine learning tools to predict when to do maintenance, but it also lays out exactly what kind of maintenance to do to help that piece of equipment perform better for longer.

Maintenance strategies in action on a variable speed transfer conveyor

Reactive maintenanceThe conveyor breaks down with no plan in place to fix it
Run to fail maintenanceThe conveyor is allowed to run until it breaks down with a plan to fix it
Corrective maintenanceA technicians notices that a part on the conveyor is misaligned during their weekly inspection and realigns it
Routine maintenanceA machine operator inspects the conveyor before their shift to ensure it’s safe and free from obvious defects
Preventive maintenance (Time)The conveyor is inspected for potential failure every 10 days
Preventive maintenance (Usage)The conveyor is inspected for potential failure every five production cycles
Condition-based maintenanceMaintenance is scheduled on the conveyor when vibration crosses a certain threshold
Predictive maintenanceSoftware says that failure-level vibration on the conveyor belt will occur in 30 days
Prescriptive maintenanceSoftware says that failure-level vibration on the conveyor belt will occur in 30 days and repairing it will require swapping out a certain part

Planned maintenance vs. scheduled maintenance

Scheduled maintenance is any work that’s put in the calendar, given a deadline, and assigned to a technician, whether that’s done a day or a year in advance. It’s the who and when of a task. Planned maintenance is the what, where, why, and how of a task. It doesn’t always establish the exact date and time of work, but you know how to execute the work when the time comes.

Let’s look at run to fail vs. reactive maintenance for an example. In both cases, you don’t know when maintenance is going to happen until a machine breaks down. They’re both unscheduled maintenance. However, RTF is a deliberate choice. You know failure won’t impact production. You’ve assembled the parts, people, and processes to fix the asset quickly and without spending too much. It’s planned. Reactive maintenance has none of that foresight, making it unplanned.

Here’s a handy way of remembering how to classify the types of maintenance strategies:

types of planned maintenance, types of scheduled maintenance

And here’s how much of each maintenance strategy is planned and how far in advance you can schedule them.

types of maintenance strategies by ability to plan and schedule them

Step 2: Know your variables

Every facility is different, which is why it can be maddening to talk about maintenance strategies so generally. Every asset, technician, and business is unique, and what works for one maintenance team may not work for another. That’s why understanding what makes your facility tick is crucial.

Costs

Before you decide on maintenance strategies, take stock of a few key financial elements:

  • What are you spending, all-up, on maintenance in general and for each asset?
  • What’s the biggest maintenance cost for each asset? Is it downtime, parts, labour, or something else?
  • How much would it cost to change the strategy you’re using on an asset?

Assets

Organizing your asset knowledge means it’s easier to analyze and share. There are a few useful questions that can help you build a 360-degree view of your assets:

  • How would you rank your assets by criticality?
  • Which assets are underperforming against key metrics?
  • Which assets can you collect accurate data from?
  • Which assets are important to safety and compliance?

People

A good maintenance strategy is only as good as people who execute it, which is why the people factor should be taken into account when building your asset maintenance strategy. There are a few questions that can help you assess the baseline of your staff:

  • How can you get your team home safely every day?
  • How many people do you have on your team and is there room for growth?
  • What are the strengths and weaknesses of each person, and what training is necessary?
  • How does your team spend their time?

Step 3: Choosing a type of maintenance strategy for your assets

Let’s clear the air right now:

“There’s no single best maintenance strategy,” says Stuart Fergusson, Fiix’s senior manager of sales engineering.

“There is a ‘worst’ strategy and that’s reactive maintenance, but the best strategy is the one that helps equipment function at its best, safely, and without too many costs.”

Of course, that’s easier said than done. There are all those unique, colliding, and constantly changing factors for you to consider. But by looking at some major elements, such as costs, safety, and downtime, we can chart where each maintenance strategy falls and give you some tools for assessing the best maintenance strategy for each of your assets.

Cost to implement and manage vs. Instances of downtime

Every minute of uptime gained comes at a cost. The question is whether that cost is worth it. Our first chart can be a starting point for answering that question. It helps you measure your uptime goals against your budget and identify where resources can be used for better returns.

types of maintenance strategies by downtime and cost to implement and manage

Cost to implement and manage vs. Asset criticality

A good dose of prescriptive or predictive maintenance is often enough to cure unnecessary downtime. But you know the catch: Those strategies require expensive training and technology to do well. That’s where asset criticality comes in. This chart helps visualize where to dedicate your time and money to ensure the most important machines are also the most reliable.

Types of maintenance strategies by asset criticality and cost to manage and implement

Planned percentage vs. Data requirements

Planned maintenance is like sleep to exhausted parents with a newborn: You can never have enough. But planning takes data to be effective and efficient. The chart below is a run-down of how much data is necessary for each maintenance strategy to be successful.

Types of maintenance strategies by asset data required and amount of planning possible

Planned percentage vs. Safety and compliance

Increased safety is often tied to planned work, because the more you know, the better you can avoid risks. This chart is all about how each strategy allows you to plan and identify risks early so you can reduce the likelihood of accidents or increase compliance on a group of assets.

 types of maintenance strategies by safety and amount of planning possible

Ideal asset profiles

ReactiveRun to failRoutineCorrectivePM (Time) PM (Usage)CBM, Predictive, Prescriptive
CriticalityNoneNone to lowLowLowModerate to highHigh to essential
Cost to maintain assetNoneLowLowLow to moderateModerate to highHigh
Cost of downtime on assetNoneLowLowLow to moderateModerate to highHigh
Amount of data required from assetNoneLowLowLowModerate to highHigh
Safety risk and required complianceNoneLowModerateLow to moderateHighHigh

Slow and steady wins the asset management race

Getting the right combination of maintenance strategies takes time. No one gets it perfect on the first try. No one goes from reactive to prescriptive maintenance in a single leap. Finding a formula that works is a journey. It could start with doing PMs on a handful of critical assets and lead to a well-balanced strategy that touches every machine. The in-between can last years. What will get you there are data-driven decisions. The result is a facility that runs with fewer interruptions, a healthier bottom line, and a more efficient maintenance team.

Source: https://www.fiixsoftware.com/blog/essential-guide-to-comparing-types-of-maintenance-strategies/